C# OOP's concepts

 

1. What is C#?

   - C# is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. It is widely used for building Windows applications, web applications, and more.

2. What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

   - OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes to structure code. It emphasizes concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

3. What is a class and an object in C#?

   - A class is a blueprint for creating objects. An object is an instance of a class, which contains data and methods defined in the class.

4. What is encapsulation in OOP?

   - Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit called a class. It restricts access to the data through access modifiers.

5. Explain inheritance in C#.

   - Inheritance is a mechanism in C# that allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors (methods) from another class. It promotes code reuse and establishes a hierarchy of classes.

6. What is polymorphism in C#?

   - Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common base class. It enables dynamic method invocation through method overriding and interface implementations.

7. What is an interface in C#?

   - An interface defines a contract that a class must adhere to. It specifies a set of methods and properties that the implementing class must provide. Multiple interfaces can be implemented by a single class.

8. What is the difference between abstract classes and interfaces?

   - Abstract classes can have both abstract and concrete methods, while interfaces only define method signatures. A class can inherit from only one abstract class but implement multiple interfaces.

9. What is a constructor in C#?

   - A constructor is a special method in a class used to initialize its objects. It has the same name as the class and is automatically called when an object is created.

10. What is the 'this' keyword in C#?

    - 'this' is a reference to the current instance of the class. It is often used to distinguish between instance variables and parameters with the same name.

Programming paradigm?

A programming paradigm is a fundamental style or approach to writing computer programs. It defines the methodology and structure for solving problems using a programming language. Different programming paradigms have their own set of principles, rules, and best practices. Here are some of the main programming paradigms:

1. Imperative Programming: This paradigm focuses on describing how a program operates by giving a sequence of statements that change a program's state. It's based on the idea of giving the computer a sequence of tasks to perform.

2. Procedural Programming: In procedural programming, code is organized into reusable procedures or functions. It emphasizes breaking down a program into smaller, manageable tasks.

3. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): OOP is centered around the concept of objects, which are instances of classes. It promotes encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism to structure and manage code.

4. Functional Programming: Functional programming treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data. It uses concepts like pure functions, immutability, and higher-order functions.

5. Declarative Programming: This paradigm focuses on specifying what the program should accomplish rather than how to achieve it. SQL is an example of declarative programming used for database queries.

6. Logical Programming: Logical programming languages, like Prolog, use formal logic to express and solve problems. They are particularly useful for tasks involving symbolic reasoning.

7. Event-Driven Programming: This paradigm is common in graphical user interfaces and other systems where events trigger actions. Code responds to events like button clicks or mouse movements.

8. Parallel and Concurrent Programming: These paradigms deal with executing multiple tasks or processes simultaneously, either in parallel (simultaneously) or concurrently (overlapping).

9. Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP): AOP separates concerns that cross-cut multiple parts of a program. It's used to manage aspects like logging, security, and error handling independently of the main code.

10. Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs): DSLs are designed for specific problem domains and provide specialized syntax and semantics for those domains. They can be imperative, declarative, or follow other paradigms.